"The Garden of Love": against the asceticism of the Church.

In The Garden of Love, Blake explicitly criticizes the asceticism of the Church:

I went to the Garden of Love,
And saw what I never had seen;
A Chapel was built in the midst,
Where I used to play on the green.

And the gates of this Chapel were shut,
And Thou shalt not writ over the door,
So I turn'd to the Garden of Love,
That so many sweet flowers bore.

And I saw it was filled with graves,
And tomb-stones where flowers should be;
And Priests in black gowns where walking their rounds,
And binding with briars my joys & desires.

(William Blake: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia, p. 140)

Humble lilly.

Humble, humble lilly:

The modest Rose puts forth a thorn;
The humble Sheep, a threatning horn;
While the Lilly white shall in Love delight,
Nor a thorn nor a threat, stain her beauty bright.

(William Blake: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia, p. 138)

"My Pretty Rose Tree"

Another favorite:

A flower was offerd to me:
Such a flower as May never bore.
But I said I've a Pretty Rose-tree,
And I passed the sweet flower o'er.

Then I went to my Pretty Rose-tree,
To tend her by day and by night.
But my Rose turnd away with jealousy,
And her thorns were my only delight.

(William Blake: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia, p. 134)

How to read this? Did the poet turned down a pretty flower because he thought he had a whole lot of them waiting for him but, in the end, he could not enjoy anything?

"The Sick Rose": satyre or simple love poem?

According to the literary critics who edited this book for the Spanish publisher Cátedra, the poem titled "The Sick Rose" is a "poem with a satyric background where the rose may represent the woman, beauty, romantic love" and may actually be "a veiled attack against the common conception of love as something sinful":

O Rose thou art sick.
The invisible worm
That flies in the night,
In the howling storm,

Has found out thy bed
Of crimson joy:
And his dark, secret love,
Does thy life destroy.

(William Blake: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia, p. 126)

Perhaps they are right. However, I think they read too much into it, as it tends to happen to literary critics. I prefer to read it as a simple love poem. Actually, I think it is much more beautiful that way. The critics dissecting things to death once again?

"Holy Thursday" or the cry against poverty and despair.

William Blake writes when the Industrial Revolution is changing England, destroying the old peasants' lives and starting to lay the foundations of a new society that will replace it. Needless to say, with it, the transition to a new society also brings plenty of suffering and despair:

Is this a holy thing to see
In a rich and fruitful land,
Babes reduced to misery
Fed with cold and usurous hands?

Is that trembling cry a song?
Can it be a song of joy?
And so many children poor?
It is a land of poverty!

And their sun does never shine,
And their fields are bleak & bare,
And their ways are fill'd with thorns
It is eternal winter there.

For where-e'er the sun does shine
And where-e'er the rain does fall,
Babe can never hunger there,
Nor poverty the mind appall.

(William Blake: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia, p. 120)

It is an intrinsic part of Romanticism, of course, although they criticize the negative consequences of modern society in the name of a return to the old ways that will never happen. Theirs is an attitude full of nostalgia.

Favorite poems from "Songs of Innocence".

The two poems I like the most from Songs of Innocence can be found towards the end of the book. The first one is titled The Blossom:

Merry Merry Sparrow
Under leaves so green,
A happy Blossom
Sees you swift as arrow
Seek your cradle narrow
Near my Bosom.

Pretty Pretty Robin
Under leaves so green
A happy Blossom
Hears you sobbing sobbing.
Pretty Pretty Robin,
Near my Bosom.

(William Blake: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia, p. 104)

The other one is titled Night, and it is considerable longer:

The sun descending in the west,
The evening star does shine.
The birds are silent in their nest,
And I must seek for mine.
The moon like a flower
In heavens high bower:
With silent delight
Sits and smiles on the night.

Farewell green fields and happy groves,
Where flocks have took delight;
Where lambs have nibbled, silent moves
The feet of angels bright;
Unseen they pour blessing
And joy without ceasing,
On each bud and blossom
And each sleeping bosom.

They look in every thoughtless nest,
Where birds are covered warm;
The visit caves of every beast,
To keep them all from harm.
If they see any weeping
That should have been sleeping
They pour sleep on their head
And sit down by their bed.

When wolves and tygers howl for prey
They pitying stand and weep;
Seeking to drive their thirst away,
And keep them from the sheep.
But if they rush dreadful
The angels most heedful,
Recieve each mild spirit
New worlds to inherit.

And there the lions ruddy eyes
Shall flow with tears of gold.
And pitying the tender cries,
And walking round the fold,
Saying: wrath by his meekness
And by his health, sickness
Is driven away
From our immortal day.

And now beside thee bleating lamb,
I can lie down and sleep;
Or think on him who bore thy name,
Graze after-thee and weep.
For wash'd in lifes river
My bright mane for ever
Shall shine like the gold
As I guard o'er the fold.

(William Blake: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia, pp. 108-110)

Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia.

Este volumen bilingüe recoge en un mismo libro dos obras del poeta romántico William Blake que fueron publicadas juntas en vida del autor: las Canciones de Inocencia y las Canciones de Experiencia. Con ello, tenemos entre manos un libro que recopila prácticamente toda la formulación simbólica del autor. Da cierta vergüenza ajena, he de reconocer, reproducir las siguientes palabras recogidas en la propia contraportada del libro: "La inocencia y la experiencia representan tanto estados contradictorios del alma humana como situaciones sociales incompatibles en las que confluyen circunstancias materiales y relaciones sociales que implican un cambio de vida". Casi se diría que los autores del estudio introductorio se hubieran propuesto acabar con sus herramientas de disección todo lo que aún pudiera quedar de vida en las palabras de Blake.

Descripción técnica:

Título: Canciones de Inocencia y de Experiencia.

Autor: William Blake.

Editorial: Cátedra.

Edición: primera edición, Madrid, 1987.

Páginas: 169 páginas, incluyendo introducción.

ISBN: 84-376-0668-3